Post by ibnali on Jul 21, 2010 12:04:26 GMT -5
Assalamu Alaikum,
Thank you Ustadh Suhail Mulla for the second class. May Allah reward you for transferring the beneficial knowledge to all of us. I'm sorry to post my notes too late.
The second class is all about the Preservation of the Qur'an. The modes of preservation, the preservation in the lifetime of the Prophet صلى الله عليه و سلم, the preservation in the lifetime of the greatest Sahaba Sayeeduna Abu Bakr and Uthman radiallahu anhum.
Styles of Preservation of the Qur'an
1. by Memorization
2. by Writing
3. by Recording.
How would Rasulallah صلى الله عليه و سلم memorize the Qur'an from Sayeeduna Gibreel?
1.The Qur'an relates the Rasulallah's eagerness to receive and learn the Qur'an from Sayeeduna Gibreel to the extent that for fear that a word would slip away, he would hasten the recitation before Gibreel (a.s) finished. The Divine Revelations then reassured Rasulallah صلى الله عليه و سلم that Allah would retain the Qur'an in his memory and make it easy for him and explain what it means.
Allah revealed in Surah Al Qiyamah Ayats 16-19:
So, the Prophet صلى الله عليه و سلم is here addressed and commanded to listen to Gibreel (a.s) until Gibreel finishes his recitation, then he صلى الله عليه و سلم is to recite while Gibreel is to listen.
2. Prophet Muhammad used to review the till-then-revealed verses of Qur'an with Gibreel every year. In the last year of his life, the Prophet صلى الله عليه و سلم reviewed the whole Qur'an twice.
Preservation in the Lifetime of Rasulallah صلى الله عليه و سلم :
1. The Qur'an was preserved in written form on the materials that were common to the Arabs at that time, like leafless palm-branches, thin flat stones, dried animal skin or tanned leather, parchment, cloth, broad bones of camels, etc.
2. A large number of Sahaba memorized the whole or most of the Qur'an by heart. Then they taught others what they had learnt. This type of transmission is still the sunnah which has been followed in learning the Qur'an from the time of the Revelation until today.
3. As an example of the large number of people who committed the Qur'an to memory especially in the lifetime of the Prophet صلى الله عليه و سلم, it is known that 70 of the Quran's Qurrah were martyred in the battle of Bir Ma'unah and many later in Huroob-al-Riddah (or Wars of Apostasy) during the time of Abu Bakr (r.a).
--> The earlier Books of Allah given to other Prophets were revealed at once.
--> Qur'an was revealed over a period of 23 years - 10 years in Makkah and 13 years in Madinah.
--> Allah says in Surah Al Qamar Ayah 17:
--> There is absolutely no doubt about the genuineness of the Revelations that have been handed down to us.
Preservation in the Lifetime of Sayeeduna Abu Bakr as-Siddiq radiallahu anhu:
1. During the lifetime of Prophet صلى الله عليه و سلم the preserved records were not brought together compiling a single unified text to form a Mushaf mainly because for over twenty years Ayahs were being revealed for all sorts of situations and reasons. Therefore, the making of one Mushaf would have been impossible unless the entire Qur'an had been revealed to the Prophet all at once, which was not the case.
2. By the death of Rasulallah صلى الله عليه و سلم , the matter was settled as it became clear that no more revelations were to descend. It was then possible to bring together all the records of the Qur'an to form a 'Book'. However, this did not cross the minds of the Sahaba until later, as the application of this idea became inevitable under Sayeeduna Abu Bakr (r.a) who had been advised and urged by 'Umar (r.a) to collect the Qur'an, especially after the battle of Yamamah where a great number of Qurra were martyred.
3. Sayeeduna Abu Bakr commissioned Zayd ibn Thabit (r.a) to collect the Qur'an. Zayd was the most suitable and the best equipped person for the hard task of collecting the Qur'an because he was one of the highly skilled scribes or amanuenses of the Prophet صلى الله عليه و سلم . Zayd (r.a) said about this great task:
"If I had been commissioned to move a mountain, that would not have been hard on me as what I had been commissioned to do of the collection of the Qur'an"
4. Zayd meticulously collected the texts of Qur'an together from different Sahaba. Two witnesses had to be produced for each piece. He did this until he was able to transcribe all the pieces of Qur'an into one Book (from al-Fatiha to an-Naas).
5. The complete Mushaf was kept in Abu Bakr's house until his death. They were then passed to Umar's house and then it was given to the custody of his daughter Sayeeduna Hafsah bint Umar, who was also one of the wives of the Prophet.
Preservation in the Lifetime of Uthman (r.a):
1. Rasulullah صلى الله عليه و سلم has said: إنّ هذا القران اُنزل على سبعة أحرف فأقرءُوا ما تيّسّر منه
“Indeed the Qur’an was revealed in seven (types of) Haroof or words (or Qirats), so read (the way) that is easier to you”. (Sahih Bukhari )
The Qur'an was revealed in seven dialects of reading (or Sabbat-ul-Ahruf) to facilitate the people of various tribes who spoke different dialects of Arabic.
2. During the period of Uthman (r.a), differences in reading the Qur'an among the various tribes became obvious, due to the various dialectical recitations. Dispute was arising, with each tribe calling its recitation as the correct one. To put an end to these squabbles over which was best, 'Uthman (r.a) decided to unite the community behind one text.
3. The Qurayshi dialect was favoured in this and this eliminated much of the diversity. Uthman (r.a) commissioned four people to embark on this task: Zayd ibn Thabit, Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr, Said bin Al-As and Abdur Rahman bin Harith bin Hisham. The final text called al-Mushaf al-Imam was matched with the Suhuf from Hafsah bint Umar. No disagreement was found.
4. Several copies were made and distributed to different centers of the vast Islamic world. Any other records that contained any Qur'an were gathered and destroyed. The matter was settled for good.
5. The millions copies of Qur'an in circulation amongst the Muslims today are exact copies of the original Uthmani Mus'haf.
Subhanallah!
Preservation in Recording form:
1. Today, the Qur'an is also preserved by recording in CDs, etc.
2. First sanctioned Qur'an recording is by Muhammad Khalil al-Husary.
Ar-Rahmaan's promise is indeed true. He says in Surah Al Hijr Ayah 9:
Thank you Ustadh Suhail Mulla for the second class. May Allah reward you for transferring the beneficial knowledge to all of us. I'm sorry to post my notes too late.
The second class is all about the Preservation of the Qur'an. The modes of preservation, the preservation in the lifetime of the Prophet صلى الله عليه و سلم, the preservation in the lifetime of the greatest Sahaba Sayeeduna Abu Bakr and Uthman radiallahu anhum.
Styles of Preservation of the Qur'an
1. by Memorization
2. by Writing
3. by Recording.
How would Rasulallah صلى الله عليه و سلم memorize the Qur'an from Sayeeduna Gibreel?
1.The Qur'an relates the Rasulallah's eagerness to receive and learn the Qur'an from Sayeeduna Gibreel to the extent that for fear that a word would slip away, he would hasten the recitation before Gibreel (a.s) finished. The Divine Revelations then reassured Rasulallah صلى الله عليه و سلم that Allah would retain the Qur'an in his memory and make it easy for him and explain what it means.
Allah revealed in Surah Al Qiyamah Ayats 16-19:
Move not your tongue concerning (the Qur'an) to make haste therewith.
It is for Us to collect it and to give you the ability to recite it (or to promulgate it).
And when We have recited it to you (through Gabriel) then follow you its recital.
Then it is for Us (Allah) to make it clear to you.
So, the Prophet صلى الله عليه و سلم is here addressed and commanded to listen to Gibreel (a.s) until Gibreel finishes his recitation, then he صلى الله عليه و سلم is to recite while Gibreel is to listen.
2. Prophet Muhammad used to review the till-then-revealed verses of Qur'an with Gibreel every year. In the last year of his life, the Prophet صلى الله عليه و سلم reviewed the whole Qur'an twice.
Preservation in the Lifetime of Rasulallah صلى الله عليه و سلم :
1. The Qur'an was preserved in written form on the materials that were common to the Arabs at that time, like leafless palm-branches, thin flat stones, dried animal skin or tanned leather, parchment, cloth, broad bones of camels, etc.
2. A large number of Sahaba memorized the whole or most of the Qur'an by heart. Then they taught others what they had learnt. This type of transmission is still the sunnah which has been followed in learning the Qur'an from the time of the Revelation until today.
3. As an example of the large number of people who committed the Qur'an to memory especially in the lifetime of the Prophet صلى الله عليه و سلم, it is known that 70 of the Quran's Qurrah were martyred in the battle of Bir Ma'unah and many later in Huroob-al-Riddah (or Wars of Apostasy) during the time of Abu Bakr (r.a).
--> The earlier Books of Allah given to other Prophets were revealed at once.
--> Qur'an was revealed over a period of 23 years - 10 years in Makkah and 13 years in Madinah.
--> Allah says in Surah Al Qamar Ayah 17:
And We have indeed made the Qur'an easy to understand and remember: then is there any that will receive admonition?
--> There is absolutely no doubt about the genuineness of the Revelations that have been handed down to us.
Preservation in the Lifetime of Sayeeduna Abu Bakr as-Siddiq radiallahu anhu:
1. During the lifetime of Prophet صلى الله عليه و سلم the preserved records were not brought together compiling a single unified text to form a Mushaf mainly because for over twenty years Ayahs were being revealed for all sorts of situations and reasons. Therefore, the making of one Mushaf would have been impossible unless the entire Qur'an had been revealed to the Prophet all at once, which was not the case.
2. By the death of Rasulallah صلى الله عليه و سلم , the matter was settled as it became clear that no more revelations were to descend. It was then possible to bring together all the records of the Qur'an to form a 'Book'. However, this did not cross the minds of the Sahaba until later, as the application of this idea became inevitable under Sayeeduna Abu Bakr (r.a) who had been advised and urged by 'Umar (r.a) to collect the Qur'an, especially after the battle of Yamamah where a great number of Qurra were martyred.
3. Sayeeduna Abu Bakr commissioned Zayd ibn Thabit (r.a) to collect the Qur'an. Zayd was the most suitable and the best equipped person for the hard task of collecting the Qur'an because he was one of the highly skilled scribes or amanuenses of the Prophet صلى الله عليه و سلم . Zayd (r.a) said about this great task:
"If I had been commissioned to move a mountain, that would not have been hard on me as what I had been commissioned to do of the collection of the Qur'an"
4. Zayd meticulously collected the texts of Qur'an together from different Sahaba. Two witnesses had to be produced for each piece. He did this until he was able to transcribe all the pieces of Qur'an into one Book (from al-Fatiha to an-Naas).
5. The complete Mushaf was kept in Abu Bakr's house until his death. They were then passed to Umar's house and then it was given to the custody of his daughter Sayeeduna Hafsah bint Umar, who was also one of the wives of the Prophet.
Preservation in the Lifetime of Uthman (r.a):
1. Rasulullah صلى الله عليه و سلم has said: إنّ هذا القران اُنزل على سبعة أحرف فأقرءُوا ما تيّسّر منه
“Indeed the Qur’an was revealed in seven (types of) Haroof or words (or Qirats), so read (the way) that is easier to you”. (Sahih Bukhari )
The Qur'an was revealed in seven dialects of reading (or Sabbat-ul-Ahruf) to facilitate the people of various tribes who spoke different dialects of Arabic.
2. During the period of Uthman (r.a), differences in reading the Qur'an among the various tribes became obvious, due to the various dialectical recitations. Dispute was arising, with each tribe calling its recitation as the correct one. To put an end to these squabbles over which was best, 'Uthman (r.a) decided to unite the community behind one text.
3. The Qurayshi dialect was favoured in this and this eliminated much of the diversity. Uthman (r.a) commissioned four people to embark on this task: Zayd ibn Thabit, Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr, Said bin Al-As and Abdur Rahman bin Harith bin Hisham. The final text called al-Mushaf al-Imam was matched with the Suhuf from Hafsah bint Umar. No disagreement was found.
4. Several copies were made and distributed to different centers of the vast Islamic world. Any other records that contained any Qur'an were gathered and destroyed. The matter was settled for good.
5. The millions copies of Qur'an in circulation amongst the Muslims today are exact copies of the original Uthmani Mus'haf.
Subhanallah!
Preservation in Recording form:
1. Today, the Qur'an is also preserved by recording in CDs, etc.
2. First sanctioned Qur'an recording is by Muhammad Khalil al-Husary.
Ar-Rahmaan's promise is indeed true. He says in Surah Al Hijr Ayah 9:
We have, without doubt, sent down the Message; and We will assuredly guard it (from corruption).